Manichaeism and the Problem of Evil
It has been said that the dualistic worldview of Manichaeism resolves the logical problem of evil (though it still faces the probabilistic problem and the emotional problem) because it can explain the coexistence of God with evil. But Manichaeism addresses the logical problem by taking a view of God which raises another difficulty. Arguably, this problem is worse. The god of Manichaeism is not a perfect being. This god lacks omnipotence and thus is incapable of defeating the dark power, though strong enough to resist being defeated by it. Moreover, one might worry that the god of Manichaeism lacks aseity. In any case, a being which lacks omnipotence and/or aseity arguably lacks the divine nature. If the god of Manichaeism does not qualify for the title God, then the problem of evil for Manichaeism can’t get raised in the first place, since, according to this worldview, there is no perfect being and thus no reason to think that there is a perfect being whose existence is incompatible with evil.